CF411D1E The same permutation

問題概要(原文)

$p={1,2,3, \ldots, N }$ なる数列が与えられる. $i<j$ を満たす $(i,j)$ それぞれについて $\mathrm{swap}(p_i,p_j)$ をちょうど $1$ 回行ったあとも,$p={ 1,2,3,.\ldots, N }$ となるようにすることは可能か? 可能なら手順の一例を示せ.

考察

自明な考察として,スワップを $1$ 度行うと,サイクルを切るかつなぐかのどちらかができる. よって,奇数回のスワップでは必ず不可能である.

スワップ回数は $N(N+1)/2$ なので,これが偶数となるとき $N \equiv 0 \bmod{4}$ または $N \equiv 1 \bmod{4}$ を満たす. これを満たす $N$ は必ず構成可能であることを示す.

$N=0,1$ は明らかに条件を満たす. $N \geq 4$ を満たす場合は以下のようにしてサイズを $4$ 小さくすることが可能である.

  1. $i = 5,...,N$ について,昇順に $\mathrm{swap}(p_1,p_i)$ $(N,2,3,4,1,5,\ldots,N-1)$
  2. $\mathrm{swap}(p_1,p_2)$ $(2,N,3,4,1,5,\ldots,N-1)$
  3. $i = 5,...,N$ について,降順に $\mathrm{swap}(p_1,p_i)$ $(2,1,3,4,5,\ldots,N)$
  4. $i = 5,...,N$ について,昇順に $\mathrm{swap}(p_3,p_i)$ $(2,1,N,4,3,5,\ldots,N-1)$
  5. $\mathrm{swap}(p_3,p_4)$ $(2,1,4,N,3,5,\ldots,N-1)$
  6. $i = 5,...,N$ について,降順に $\mathrm{swap}(p_4,p_i)$ $(2,1,4,3,5,\ldots,N)$
  7. $\mathrm{swap}(p_1,p_3)$ $(4,1,2,3,5,\ldots,N)$
  8. $\mathrm{swap}(p_2,p_4)$ $(4,3,2,1,5,\ldots,N)$
  9. $\mathrm{swap}(p_1,p_4)$ $(1,3,2,4,5,\ldots,N)$
  10. $\mathrm{swap}(p_2,p_3)$ $(1,2,3,4,5,\ldots,N)$

上の操作を行うと,$(1,2),(1,3),(1,4),(2,3),(2,4),(3,4)$ の $6$ 種類と,$(1,i),(2,i),(3,i),(4,i)$ の $4(N-4)$ 種類を使うことになり,長さが $4$ 小さくなる. 再帰的に繰り返していけば,いつかは $N=0,1$ になる.

ソースコード

using System;
using System.Linq;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using Debug = System.Diagnostics.Debug;
using StringBuilder = System.Text.StringBuilder;
using Number = System.Int64;
namespace Program
{
    public class Solver
    {
        public void Solve()
        {
            var n = sc.Integer();
            if (n % 4 >= 2) { IO.Printer.Out.WriteLine("NO"); return; }
            IO.Printer.Out.WriteLine("YES");
            var a = Enumerate(n + 1, x => x);
            for (; n >= 4; n -= 4)
                f(n - 4, n - 3, n - 2, n - 1, n);
        }
        void f(int x, params int[] a)
        {
            for (int i = 1; i <= x; i++)
                IO.Printer.Out.WriteLine("{0} {1}", i, a[0]);
            IO.Printer.Out.WriteLine("{0} {1}", a[0], a[1]);
            for (int i = x; i >= 1; i--)
                IO.Printer.Out.WriteLine("{0} {1}", i, a[1]);
            for (int i = 1; i <= x; i++)
                IO.Printer.Out.WriteLine("{0} {1}", i, a[2]);
            IO.Printer.Out.WriteLine("{0} {1}", a[2], a[3]);
            for (int i = x; i >= 1; i--)
                IO.Printer.Out.WriteLine("{0} {1}", i, a[3]);

            IO.Printer.Out.WriteLine("{0} {1}", a[0], a[2]);
            IO.Printer.Out.WriteLine("{0} {1}", a[1], a[3]);
            IO.Printer.Out.WriteLine("{0} {1}", a[0], a[3]);
            IO.Printer.Out.WriteLine("{0} {1}", a[1], a[2]);
        }

        public IO.StreamScanner sc = new IO.StreamScanner(Console.OpenStandardInput());
        static T[] Enumerate<T>(int n, Func<int, T> f) { var a = new T[n]; for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) a[i] = f(i); return a; }
        static public void Swap<T>(ref T a, ref T b) { var tmp = a; a = b; b = tmp; }
    }
}

#region main
static class Ex
{
    static public string AsString(this IEnumerable<char> ie) { return new string(System.Linq.Enumerable.ToArray(ie)); }
    static public string AsJoinedString<T>(this IEnumerable<T> ie, string st = " ") { return string.Join(st, ie); }
    static public void Main()
    {
        var solver = new Program.Solver();
        solver.Solve();
        Program.IO.Printer.Out.Flush();
    }
}
#endregion
#region Ex
namespace Program.IO
{
    using System.IO;
    using System.Text;
    using System.Globalization;
    public class Printer: StreamWriter
    {
        static Printer() { Out = new Printer(Console.OpenStandardOutput()) { AutoFlush = false }; }
        public static Printer Out { get; set; }
        public override IFormatProvider FormatProvider { get { return CultureInfo.InvariantCulture; } }
        public Printer(System.IO.Stream stream) : base(stream, new UTF8Encoding(false, true)) { }
        public Printer(System.IO.Stream stream, Encoding encoding) : base(stream, encoding) { }
        public void Write<T>(string format, T[] source) { base.Write(format, source.OfType<object>().ToArray()); }
        public void WriteLine<T>(string format, T[] source) { base.WriteLine(format, source.OfType<object>().ToArray()); }
    }
    public class StreamScanner
    {
        public StreamScanner(Stream stream) { str = stream; }
        public readonly Stream str;
        private readonly byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
        private int len, ptr;
        public bool isEof = false;
        public bool IsEndOfStream { get { return isEof; } }
        private byte read()
        {
            if (isEof) return 0;
            if (ptr >= len) { ptr = 0; if ((len = str.Read(buf, 0, 1024)) <= 0) { isEof = true; return 0; } }
            return buf[ptr++];
        }
        public char Char() { byte b = 0; do b = read(); while ((b < 33 || 126 < b) && !isEof); return (char)b; }

        public string Scan()
        {
            var sb = new StringBuilder();
            for (var b = Char(); b >= 33 && b <= 126; b = (char)read())
                sb.Append(b);
            return sb.ToString();
        }
        public string ScanLine()
        {
            var sb = new StringBuilder();
            for (var b = Char(); b != '\n'; b = (char)read())
                if (b == 0) break;
                else if (b != '\r') sb.Append(b);
            return sb.ToString();
        }
        public long Long()
        {
            if (isEof) return long.MinValue;
            long ret = 0; byte b = 0; var ng = false;
            do b = read();
            while (b != 0 && b != '-' && (b < '0' || '9' < b));
            if (b == 0) return long.MinValue;
            if (b == '-') { ng = true; b = read(); }
            for (; true; b = read())
            {
                if (b < '0' || '9' < b)
                    return ng ? -ret : ret;
                else ret = ret * 10 + b - '0';
            }
        }
        public int Integer() { return (isEof) ? int.MinValue : (int)Long(); }
        public double Double() { var s = Scan(); return s != "" ? double.Parse(s, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture) : double.NaN; }
        private T[] enumerate<T>(int n, Func<T> f)
        {
            var a = new T[n];
            for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) a[i] = f();
            return a;
        }

        public char[] Char(int n) { return enumerate(n, Char); }
        public string[] Scan(int n) { return enumerate(n, Scan); }
        public double[] Double(int n) { return enumerate(n, Double); }
        public int[] Integer(int n) { return enumerate(n, Integer); }
        public long[] Long(int n) { return enumerate(n, Long); }
    }
}
#endregion

コメント

  • サイズを再帰的に小さくできる方法をうまく探すのが本質